The site Hyltemossa was established in 2014 in a 30 year old managed spruce forest in southern Sweden.

The site hosts a combined atmosphere and ecosystem station.

Data from Hyltemossa can be downloaded from the ICOS Carbon Portal.
ICOS Level2 data from the Atmosphere Station (GHG concentrations, air temperature, wind). ICOS Level2 data from the Ecosystem Station (flux data, meteorological data, soil meteorological variables, ancillary data)

Hyltemossa is located a few kilometers south of Perstorp, in northwestern Skåne ( 56°06′N, 13°25′E, 115 m asl).

The site is run by station PI Michal Heliasz at Lund University.

Station principal investigator Michal Heliasz.	Research engineer Tobias Biermann.

ICOS Sweden invites other research groups to use the infrastructure. Please fill in our web form.

The underlying bedrock at the site, found in a depth from 20 - 50 m, is composed mainly from acidic intrusion rock such as Granite with some limited occurrence of a younger ultrabasic rock such as Gabbro.

Quaternary deposits at the center of Hyltemossa Site are dominated by sandy till surrounded by glaciofluvial sediments. Occasionally fen peat and to a small extend crystalline rock and boulders can be found.

Soil at the site is classified as Cambisol with a shallow organic horizon, a transition to Podsol can be found in certain areas. Stones in various sizes are found frequently and in some areas influence of groundwater is obvious in 1 m depth.

The site around the tower is dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies) with a small fraction of birch trees (Betula sp.) and single occurrence of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Understorey vegetation is sparse. The forest floor is mainly covered by a thick moss layer.

The forest is owned and managed by Gustafsborg Säteri AB (www.gustafsborg.se). The management turnover rate is 50 years, with an estimated growth of 34 m within 100 years. The site experienced storm damage in 1981, was clear-cut in 1982 and replanted in 1983 with 3300 trees per hectare. The forest was cleaned in 1998 and 2005 and thinned in 2009 and 2013. At the present time the forest stand is 19 m tall and holds around 190 m³ per hectare (excluding branches, stumps and roots).

Click here to see a satellite image time lapse 1984-2016 on Google Earth Engine.

Please follow this link to get current weather information.

Data for the 1961-1990 climatological normal from the close by SMHI station Ljungbyhed characterizes the climate as a Cfb-climate (after Köppen), i.e. humid temperate with mild summers and mild winters. Mean annual air temperature for Ljungbyhed is 7°C and mean annual precipitation sums up to 830 mm.

Variable		Measurement height (m)
air pressure
air temperature		27
	profile	1, 4, 9, 14, 19, 24, 30, 40, 55, 70, 85, 100, 125, 148
	flux system	27
carbon dioxide (CO2)	profile	1, 4, 9, 14, 19, 24, 30, 40, 55, 70, 85, 100, 125, 148
	flux system	27
	atmospheric system	30, 70, 150
carbon monoxide (CO)	atmospheric system	30, 70, 150
ground water level	4x, close to each soil profile
methane (CH4)	atmospheric system	30, 70, 150
PAR	4 transects in the canopy with each 4 sensors	1
	incoming and outgoing	50
	diffuse and total incoming	150
precipitation		1.5
snow depth
soil heat flux	4x, together with each soil profile	-0.05
soil moisture	4 profiles	0 to -0.06 (vertical), -0.05, -0.1, -0.3, -1.0
soil temperature	4 profiles	-0.02, -0.05, -0.1, -0.3, -1.0
solar radiation	incoming	150
	incoming and outgoing	50
sunshine duration		150
surface temperature	target temperature
terrestrial radiation	incoming and outgoing	50
tree temperature	4 spruce with 3 levels, and 4 sensors at each level (facing N, E, S, and W)	∼3, ∼9, ∼15
water vapour		27
	profile	1, 4, 9, 14, 19, 24, 30, 40, 55, 70, 85, 100, 125, 148
	flux system	27
	atmospheric system	30, 70, 150
wind vector	flux system	27

As an infrastructure we are welcoming other research groups to carry out their projects at our station. Actually, we have three other projects that have joined at the Hyltemossa station:

• ACTRIS, start 2016
• Effects of Forest Management and Natural Disturbance on Greenhouse Gas Exchange in Boreal Forests, start March 2015
• NordSpec, start 2016

Please click on an individual project to get more information.

Hyltemossa Station has a main house and a workshop building. The main house is equipped with a classroom, kitchen, office, four bedrooms and and two bathrooms. It provides the possibility to hold small meetings or courses for up to 14 participants and an opportunity for overnight stay for up to ten persons.

2018
• Menegat, A., Milberg, P., Nilsson, A.T.S., Andersson, L. and Vico G. (2018): Soil water potential and temperature sum during reproductive growth control seed dormancy in Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. Ecol Evol., 8:7186-7194, DOI:10.1002/ece3.4249

2017
• van Meeningen Y., Wang M., Karlsson T., Seifert A., Schurgers G., Rinnan R., and Holst T. (2017): Isoprenoid emission variation of Norway spruce across a European latitudinal transect. Atmospheric Environment, 170:45-57, DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.045, PDF [1.4MB]

2015
• Kadygrov N., Broquet G., Chevallier F., River L., Gerbig C., and Ciais P. (2015): On the potential of the ICOS atmospheric CO₂ measurement network for estimating the biogenic CO₂ budget of Europe. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15:12765-12787, DOI:10.5194/acp-15-12765-2015, PDF [6.1MB]