The Svartberget site is located in the Svartberget Experimental Forest. The experimental forest covers 1076 ha of boreal forest land and governs a manifold of research activities since 1923. A reference monitoring program of climate and water is active since 1980.

The site was established for ICOS Sweden in 2011 and hosts a combined ecosystem and atmospheric station.

Data from Svartberget can be downloaded from the ICOS Carbon Portal.
ICOS Level2 data from the Atmosphere Station (GHG concentrations, air temperature, wind). ICOS Level2 data from the Ecosystem Station (flux data, meteorological data, soil meteorological variables, ancillary data)

The Svartberget site (64°15′N, 19°46′E, 270 m asl) is located about 60 km west of Umeå.

The site is run by the Swedish Agricultural University SLU. The station principal investigator for the atmospheric part is Paul Smith, for the ecosystem part Matthias Peichl is responsible.

ICOS Sweden invites other research groups to use the infrastructure. Please fill in our web form.

The bedrock consists almost entirely of gneiss. The dominating soil type is moraine of various thicknesses.

The Svartberget site is situated on a slope in a 100 years old mixed forest with 60% Scots pine Pinus sylvestris and 40% Norway spruce Picea abies. Tree height close to the tower is about 20m.

Please follow this link to get current weather information.

The ICOS site is located in the heart of Krycklan catchment area, in the centre of a well investigated sub-catchment with long-term hydrological measurement.

For more detailed information please contact Mikaell Ottosson Löfvenius.

All related, continuous, automatic measurements are listed below in alphabetical order. The measurements are carried out either on the 150 m high tower, at the earth surface, in the four soil pits or on the four trees. All measurements are carried out within a distance of about 200 m of the tower.

Variable		Measurement height (m)
air pressure
air temperature		32.5
	profile	4.2, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 42, 50, 60, 70, 85, 100, 125, 150
	flux system	32.5
carbon dioxide (CO2)	profile	4.2, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 42, 50, 60, 70, 85, 100, 125, 150
	flux system	32.5
	atmospheric system	35, 85, 150
carbon monoxide (CO)	atmospheric system	35, 85, 150
ground water level
methane (CH4)	atmospheric system	35, 85, 150
PAR	4 transects in the canopy with each 4 sensors	1.1
	incoming and outgoing	50
	diffuse and total incoming	50
precipitation		2.5
snow depth
soil heat flux	4x together with each profile	-0.05
soil moisture	4 profiles	0 to -0.06 (vertical), -0.05, -0.1, -0.3, -0.5
soil temperature	4 profiles	-0.05, -0.1, -0.15, -0.3, -0.5
solar radiation	incoming	50
	incoming and outgoing	50
sunshine duration		50
surface temperature	target temperature
terrestrial radiation	incoming and outgoing	50
tree temperature	2 spruce and 2 pine with 3 levels, and 4 sensors at each level (facing N, E, S, and W)	3.5, about 11.5, about 14
water vapour		32.5
	profile	4.2, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 42, 50, 60, 70, 85, 100, 125, 150
	flux system	32.5
	atmospheric system
wind vector	flux system	32.5

As an infrastructure we are welcoming other research groups to carry out their projects at our station. Actually, we have - among others - the following projects that have joined at the Svartberget station:

• Is the managed boreal forest landscape a carbon sink?
• NordSpec

Please click on an individual project to get more information.

2017
• Amvrosiadi N., Seibert J., Grabs T., and Bishop K. (2017): Water storage dynamics in a till hillslope: The foundation for modeling flows and turnover times. Hydrological Processes, 31:4-14, DOI:10.1002/hyp.11046, PDF [1.6MB]
• Tiwari T., Lidman F., Laudon H., Lidberg W., and Ågren A.M. (2017): GIS-based prediction of stream chemistry using landscape composition, wet areas and hydrological flow pathways. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 122:65-79, DOI:10.1002/2016JG003399

2016
• Blume-Werry G., Kreyling J., Laudon H., and Milbau, A. (2016): Short-term climate change manipulation effects do not scale up to long-term legacies: Effects of an absent snow cover on boreal forest plants. Journal of Ecology, 104:1638-1648, DOI:10.1111/1365-2745.12636
• Francisco R., Stone D., Creamer R.E., Sousa J.P., and Morais P.V. (2016): European scale analysis of phospholipid fatty acid composition of soils to establish operating ranges. Applied Soil Ecology, 97:49-60, DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.09.001
• Griffiths R.I., Thomson B.C., Plassart P., Gweon H.S., Stone D., Creamer R.E., Lemanceaud P., and Bailey M.J. (2016): Mapping and validating predictions of soil bacterial biodiversity using European and national scale datasets. Applied Soil Ecology, 97:61-68, DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.06.018
• Hasper T.B., Wallin G., Lamba S., Hall M., Jaramillo F., Laudon H., Linder S., Medhurst J.L., Räntfors M., Sigurdsson B.D., and Uddling J. (2016): Water use by Swedish boreal forests in a changing climate. Functional Ecology, 30:690-699, DOI:10.1111/1365-2435.12546
• Hendriksen N.B., Creamer R.E., Stone D., and Winding A. (2016): Soil exo-enzyme activities across Europe - The influence of climate, land-use and soil properties. Applied Soil Ecology, 97:44-48, DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.08.012
• Karlsen R.H., Grabs T., Bishop K., Buffam I., Laudon H., and Seibert J. (2016): Landscape controls on spatiotemporal discharge variability in a boreal catchment. Water Resources Research, 52:6541-6556, DOI:10.1002/2016WR019186
• Karlsen R.H., Seibert J., Grabs T., Laudon H., Blomkvist P., Bishop K. (2016): The assumption of uniform specific discharge: unsafe at any time? Hydrological Processes, 30:3978-3988, DOI:10.1002/hyp.10877
• Kasurinen V., Alfredsen K., Ojala A., Pumpanen J., Weyhenmeyer G.A., Futter M.N., Laudon H., and Berninger F. (2016): Modeling nonlinear responses of DOC transport in boreal catchments in Sweden. Water Resources Research, 52:4970-4989, DOI:10.1002/2015WR018343
• Kuglerová L., Dynesius M., Laudon H., and Jansson R. (2016): Relationships between plant assemblages and water flow across a boreal forest landscape: A comparison of liverworts, mosses, and vascular plants. Ecosystems, 19:170-184, DOI:10.1007/s10021-015-9927-0
• Laudon H. and Ottosson Löfvenius M. (2016): Adding snow to the picture - providing complementary winter precipitation data to the Krycklan catchment study database. Hydrological Processes, 30:2413-2416, DOI:10.1002/hyp.10753
• Laudon H., Kuglerová L., Sponseller R.A., Futter M., Nordin A., Bishop K., Lundmark T., Egnell G., and Ågren A.M. (2016): The role of biogeochemical hotspots, landscape heterogeneity and hydrological connectivity for minimizing forestry effects on water quality. Ambio, 45:152-162, DOI:10.1007/s13280-015-0751-8, PDF [1.2MB]
• Logue J.B., Stedmon C.A., Kellerman A.M., Nielsen N.J., Andersson A.F., Laudon H., Lindström E.S., and Kritzberg E.S. (2016): Experimental insights into the importance of aquatic bacterial community composition to the degradation of dissolved organic matter. The ISME Journal, 10:533-545, DOI:10.1038/ismej.2015.131
• Lucas R.W., Sponseller R.A., Gundale M.J., Stendahl J., Fridman J., Högberg P., and Laudon H. (2016): Long-term declines in stream and river inorganic nitrogen (N) export correspond to forest change. Ecological Applications, 26:545-556, DOI:10.1890/14-2413, PDF [0.3MB]
• Oni S., Futter M., Ledesma J., Teutschbein C., Buttle J., and Laudon H. (2016): Using dry and wet year hydroclimatic extremes to guide future hydrologic projections. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 20:2811-2825, DOI:10.5194/hess-20-2811-2016, PDF [1.9MB]
• Panneer Selvam B., Laudon H., Guillemette F., and Berggren, M. (2016): Influence of soil frost on the character and degradability of dissolved organic carbon in boreal forest soils. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 121:829-840, DOI:10.1002/2015JG003228
• Rutgers M., Wouterse M., Drost S.M., Breure A.M., Mulder C., Stone D., Creamer R.E., Winding A., and Bloem J. (2016): Monitoring soil bacteria with community-level physiological profiles using Biolog^TM ECO-plates in the Netherlands and Europe. Applied Soil Ecology, 97:23-35, DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.06.007
• Siegenthaler A., Welch B., Pangala S.R., Peacock M., and Gauci V. (2016): Technical note: Semi-rigid chambers for methane gas flux measurements on tree-stems. Biogeosciences 13:1197-1207, DOI:10.5194/bgd-13-1197-2016
• Stone D., Blomkvist P., Bohse Hendriksen N. et al. (2016): A method of establishing a transect for biodiversity and ecosystem function monitoring across Europe. Applied Soil Ecology, 97:3-11, DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.06.017
• Winterdahl M., Wallin M.B., Huseby Karlsen R., Laudon H., Öquist M., and Lyon S.W. (2016): Decoupling of carbon dioxide and dissolved organic carbon in boreal headwater streams. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 121:2630-2651, DOI:10.1002/2016JG003420

2015
• Ali G., Tetzlaff D., McDonnell J.J., Soulsby C., Carey S., Laudon H., McGuire K., Buttle J., Seibert J., and Shanley J. (2015): Comparison of threshold hydrologic response across northern catchments. Hydrological Processes, 29:3575-3591, DOI:10.1002/hyp.10527
• Berggren M., Bergström A.-K., and Karlsson J. (2015): Intraspecific autochthonous and allochthonous resource use by zooplankton in a humic lake during the transitions between winter, summer and fall. PLOS ONE, 10: e0120575, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0120575, PDF [0.8MB]
• Bidleman T., Agosta K., Andersson A., Brorström-Lundén E., Haglund P., Hansson K., Laudon H., Newton S., Nygren O., Ripszam M., Tysklind M., and Wiberg K. (2015): Atmospheric pathways of chlorinated pesticides and natural bromoanisoles in the northern Baltic Sea and its catchment. AMBIO, 44:472-483, DOI:10.1007/s13280-015-0666-4, PDF [1.6MB]
• Bishop K. and Seibert J. (2015): A primer for hydrology: the beguiling simplicity of Water's journey from rain to stream at 30. Hydrological Processes, 29:3443-3446, DOI:10.1002/hyp.10516
• Burrows R.M., Hotchkiss E.R., Jonsson M., Laudon H., McKie B.G., and Sponseller R.A. (2015): Nitrogen limitation of heterotrophic biofilms in boreal streams. Freshwater Biology, 60:1237-1251, DOI:10.1111/fwb.12549
• Campioli M., Vicca S., Luyssaert S., Bilcke J., Ceschia E., Chapin III F.S., Ciais P., Fernández-Martínez M., Malhi Y., Obersteiner M., Olefeldt D., Papale D., Piao S.L., Peñuelas J., Sullivan P.F., Wang X., Zenone T., and Janssens I.A. (2015): Biomass production efficiency controlled by management in temperate and boreal ecosystems. Nature Geoscience, 8:843-846, DOI:10.1038/ngeo2553
• Creamer R.E., Stone D., Berry P., and Kuiper I. (2015): Measuring respiration profiles of soil microbial communities across Europe using MicroResp^TM method. Applied Soil Ecology, 97:36-43, DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.08.004
• Creamer R.E., Hannula S.E., Van Leeuwen J.P. et al. (2015): Ecological network analysis reveals the inter-connection between soil biodiversity and ecosystem function as affected by land use across Europe. Applied Soil Ecology, 97:112-124, DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.08.006
• Creed I.F., McKnight D.M., Pellerin B.A., Green M.B., Bergamaschi B.A., Aiken G. R., Burns D.A., Findlay S.E.G., Shanley J.B., Striegl R.G., Aulenbach B.T., Clow D.W., Laudon H., McGlynn B.L., McGuire K.J., Smith R.A., and Stackpoole S.M. (2015): The river as a chemostat: Fresh perspectives on dissolved organic matter flowing down the river continuum. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 72:1272-1285, DOI:10.1139/cjfas-2014-0400
• Eklöf K., Kraus A., Futter M., Schelker J., Meili M., Boyer E.W., and Bishop K. (2015): Parsimonious model for simulating total mercury and methylmercury in boreal streams based on riparian flow paths and seasonality. Environmental Science & Technology, 49:7851-7859, DOI:10.1021/acs.est.5b00852
• Filipovic M., Laudon H., McLachlan M.S., and Berger U. (2015): Mass balance of perfluorinated alkyl acids in a pristine boreal catchment. Environmental Science & Technology, 49:12127-12135, DOI:10.1021/acs.est.5b03403
• Gundale M.J., Nilsson M.-C., Pluchon N., and Wardle D.A. (2015): The effect of biochar management on soil and plant community properties in a boreal forest. Global Change Biology - Bioenergy, 8:777-789, DOI:10.1111/gcbb.12274
• Henriksson N., Tarvainen L., Lim H., Tor-Ngern P., Palmroth S., Oren R., Marshall J., and Näsholm T. (2015): Stem compression reversibly reduces phloem transport in Pinus sylvestris trees. Tree Physiology, 35:1075-1085, DOI:10.1093/treephys/tpv078
• Hytteborn J.K., Temnerud J., Alexander R.B., Boyer E.W., Futter M.N., Fröberg M., Dahné J., and Bishop K.H. (2015): Patterns and predictability in the intra-annual organic carbon variability across the boreal and hemiboreal landscape. Science of The Total Environment, 520:260-269, DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.041
• Jantze E.J., Laudon H., Dahlke H.E., and Lyon S.W. (2015): Spatial variability of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon in sub-arctic headwater streams. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 47:529-546, DOI:10.1657/AAAR0014-044
• Johansson S., Carlqvist K., Kataria R., Ulvcrona T., Bergsten U., Arshadi M., Galbe M., and Lidén G. (2015): Implications of differences in macromolecular composition of stem fractions for processing of Scots pine. Wood Science and Technology, 49:1037-1054, DOI:10.1007/s00226-015-0739-3
• Kadygrov N., Broquet G., Chevallier F., River L., Gerbig C., and Ciais P. (2015): On the potential of the ICOS atmospheric CO₂ measurement network for estimating the biogenic CO₂ budget of Europe. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15:12765-12787, DOI:10.5194/acp-15-12765-2015, PDF [6.1MB]
• Kothawala D.N., Ji X., Laudon H., Ågren A.M., Futter M.N., Köhler S.J., and Tranvik L.J. (2015): The relative influence of land cover, hydrology, and in-stream processing on the composition of dissolved organic matter in boreal streams. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 120:1491-1505, DOI:10.1002/2015JG002946
• Kugler F., Lee S.-K., Hajnsek I., and Papathanassiou K.P. (2015): Forest height estimation by means of Pol-InSAR data inversion: The role of the vertical wavenumber. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 53:5294-5311, DOI:10.1109/TGRS.2015.2420996
• Kuglerová L., Jansson R., Sponseller R.A., Laudon H., and Malm-Renöfält B. (2015): Local and regional processes determine plant species richness in a river-network metacommunity. Ecology, 96:381-391, DOI:10.1890/14-0552.1
• Lam N., Nathanson M., Lundgren N., Rehnström R., and Lyon S.W. (2015): A cost-effective laser scanning method for mapping stream channel geometry and roughness. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA), 51:1211-1220, DOI:10.1111/1752-1688.12299
• Ledesma J.L.J., Grabs T., Bishop K.H., Schiff S.L., and Köhler S.J. (2015): Potential for long-term transfer of dissolved organic carbon from riparian zones to streams in boreal catchment. Global Change Biology, 21:2963-2979, DOI:10.1111/gcb.12872
• Leith F.I., Dinsmore K.J., Wallin M.B., Billett M.F., Heal K.V., Laudon H., Öquist M.G., and Bishop K. (2015): Carbon dioxide transport across the hillslope-riparian-stream continuum in a boreal headwater catchment. Biogeosciences, 12:1881-1892, DOI:10.5194/bg-12-1881-2015
• Lyon S.W., Nathanson M., Lam N., Dahlke H.E., Rutzinger M., Kean J.W., and Laudon H. (2015): Can low-resolution airborne laser scanning data be used to model stream rating curves? Water, 7:1324-1339, DOI:10.3390/w7041324
• Maaroufi N.I., Nordin A., Hasselqvist N.J., Bach L.H., Palmqvist K., and Gundale M.J. (2015): Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition enhances carbon sequestration in boreal soils. Global Change Biology, 21:3169-3180, DOI:10.1111/gcb.12904
• Peralta-Tapia A., Sponseller R.A., Tetzlaff D., Soulsby C., and Laudon H. (2015): Connecting precipitation inputs and soil flow pathways to stream water in contrasting boreal catchments. Hydrological Processes, 29:3546-3555, DOI:10.1002/hyp.10300
• Peralta-Tapia A., Sponseller R.A., Ågren A., Tetzlaff D., Soulsby C., and Laudon H. (2015): Scale-dependent groundwater contributions influence patterns of winter baseflow stream chemistry in boreal catchments. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 120:847-858, DOI:10.1002/2014JG002878
• Santoro M., Eriksson L.E., and Fransson J.E.S. (2015): Reviewing ALOS PALSAR backscatter observations for stem volume retrieval in Swedish forest. Remote Sensing, 7:4290-4317, DOI:10.3390/rs70404290
• Schelker J., Sponseller R., Ring E., Högbom L., Löfgren S., and Laudon H. (2015): Nitrogen export from a boreal stream network following forest harvesting: seasonal nitrate removal and conservative export of organic forms. Biogeosciences Discussions, 12:12061-12089, DOI:10.5194/bgd-12-12061-2015
• Temnerud J., von Brömssen C., Fölster J., Buffam I., Andersson J.-O., Nyberg L., and Bishop K. (2015): Map-based prediction of organic carbon in headwaters streams improved by downstream observations from the river outlet. Biogeosciences Discussions, 12:9005-9041, DOI:10.5194/bgd-12-9005-2015
• Tetzlaff D., Buttle J., Carey S.K., McGuire K., Laudon H., and Soulsby C. (2015): Tracer-based assessment of flow paths, storage and runoff generation in northern catchments: a review. Hydrological Processes, 29:3475-3490, DOI:10.1002/hyp.10412
• Tetzlaff D., Buttle J., Carey S.K., van Huijgevoort M.H.J., Laudon H., McNamara J.P., Mitchell C.P.J., Spence C., Gabor R.S., and Soulsby C. (2015): A preliminary assessment of water partitioning and ecohydrological coupling in northern headwaters using stable isotopes and conceptual runoff models. Hydrological Processes, 29:5153-5173, DOI:10.1002/hyp.10515, PDF [3.4MB]
• Teutschbein C., Grabs T., Karlsen R.H., Laudon H., and Bishop K. (2015): Hydrological response to changing climate conditions: Spatial streamflow variability in the boreal region. Water Resources Research, 51:9425-9446, DOI:10.1002/2015WR017337
• Ågren A.M., Lidberg W., and Ring E. (2015): Mapping temporal dynamics in a forest stream network-implications for riparian forest management. Forests, 6:2982-3001, DOI:10.3390/f6092982
• Åkerblom S., Meili M., and Bishop K. (2015): Organic matter in rain: An overlooked influence on mercury deposition. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2:128-132, DOI:10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00009